Physical Science Assignment-Test Schedule 2007-2008
NOTE:  Labs:  for all lab activities--answer all questions in the lab.  Include all appropriate data collected and conclusions as well.

NOTE:  PLEASE PUT SEPARATE ASSIGNMENTS ON SEPARATE SHEETS OF PAPER OR BE PREPARED TO WRITE OUT THE ASSIGNMENT AGAIN.

Aug 1-12		School Meetings & Nashville NAD Teacher Convention
Aug 2
Aug 3
Aug 6
Aug 7
Aug 8
Aug 9
Aug 10
Aug 13	Mon	-School begins -1st Day information from website -Laboratory Safety Agreement -p.839-840 "Lab Skills" -p.841 "How to Write a Laboratory Report" -Begin Ch 1 p.4-11 (Sect 1) -p.11 #1-7 Check off in class -Take home and have your parent(s) sign lab safety agreement (NOTE: This is a 10 point assignment)
Aug 14	Tues	Same as Monday
Aug 15	Wed	-Ch 1 p.12-19 (Section 2) -p.19 #1-5 Check off in class
Aug 16	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Aug 17	Fri	-Quiz over information given previous period -Collect Lab Safety agreement signed by parent -p.32-35 Skills Practice Lab -p.35 #1-6 (Analysis and Conclusions)
Aug 20	Mon	Picture Day
Aug 21	Tues	-Ch 1 p.20-27 (Section 3) -p.26 #1-7 Check off in class -p.23 Practice #1,2 Check off in class -p.24 Practice #1,2 Check off in class -p.25 Practice #1-4 Check off in class
Aug 22	Wed	Same as Tuesday
Aug 23	Thur	-Review Ch 1 -p.28 #1-15 -p.29 #22-27 NOTE: THE MOST IMPORTANT THING YOU CAN DO TO PREPARE FOR TESTS IS TO KNOW THE FOLLOWING REVIEW SHEET!!! ALSO 2PTS EXTRA CREDIT WILL BE GIVEN FOR PRINTING OUT THIS SHEET AND TURNING IT IN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TEST (NOT ACCEPTED AFTER THE TEST BEGINS). -Chapter 1 Review Physical Science Holt Spectrum -read the chapter carefully -know objectives for all sections within the chapter -know all the key terms -study the summaries located at the end of each section -study the summaries at the end of each section -know figure 3 (p.6) -know the two main branches of science (natural & social) -the three main branches of natural science are a) life (biological), b) physical & c) earth -a scientific model is a representation of a real event or object -the scientific method is a logical series of steps used to solve problems -making an observation is the usual first step in the scientific method -scientists test hypotheses by doing experiments -the SI unit for length is the meter, for mass the kilogram, for time the second, for temperature Kelvin, for electric current the ampere, for amount of substance the mole, for luminous intensity the candela -deci = 0.1, tenth, centi = 0.01, hundredth, milli = 0.001, thousandth, micro = 0.000 001, millionth, nano = billionth, 0.000 000 001 -be able to convert from centimeters to meters and back -be able to convert from grams to kilograms and back -know 10 to the minus 1,2,3,6,9, etc & 10 to the positive (scientific notation) -be able to determine the number of significant figures in a calculation -precise measurements and accurate measurements (know the difference) -pure science continues the search for new knowledge -in pure science, scientists do experiments to find out about the world -p.8 know the three tests a scientific theory must pass (explain observations clearly and consistently, experiments that illustrate the theory must be repeatable, you must be able to predict from the theory) -scientific theories must be replaced when new discoveries are made -scientists use computer models to make predictions -know figure 12 (p.13) the scientific method is a series of logical steps used to solve a problem -no experiment is a failure because all experiments are observations of real events. -know Table 1,2 & 3 on p.16 -weight is a measure of gravitational pull -be able to interpret pie, line and bar graphs (p.21,22) -be able to convert to (or from) scientific notation -know the difference between precision and accuracy p.24,25 (An accurate measurement is close to the true value. A precise measurement is one that is as exact as possible)
Aug 24	Fri	Same as Thursday
Aug 27	Mon	-Test Ch 1 -Read Chapter 2 (section 1) -Focus Activity p.37 #1,2
Aug 28	Tues	Same as Monday
Aug 29	Wed	-Begin Ch 2 p.38-44 -p.44 #1-8 -read p.45-52 Section 2-2
Aug 30	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Aug 31	Fri	-Video #1 "The World of Chemistry" (take notes--numbered, point form--about 15 ideas from the video)
Sept 3	Mon	No School -- Labor Day
Sept 4	Tues	-Ch 2 (section 2) p.45-52 -p.52 #1-7 -p.49 Quick Lab "Mass & Volume Relationships" -read p.53-58 section 2-3
Sept 5	Wed	Same as Tuesday
Sept 6	Thur	-Ch 2 (section 3) p.53-58 -p.58 #1-8 -p.54 Quick Lab "How can physical properties separate a mixture?"
Sept 7	Fri	Same as Thursday
Sept 10	Mon	Fall Picnic
Sept 11	Tues	-Review Ch 2 -p.60 #1-28 - Chapter 2 Review Physical Science Holt Spectrum -read the chapter carefully -know objectives for all sections within the chapter -know all the key terms -study the summaries located at the end of each section -study the summaries at the end of each section -chemistry is the science of what matter is made of and how it changes -be able to work density problems D = m/v, m = DV, V = m/D -elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances -molecules are the smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance -in order to make water from hydrogen and oxygen 2 hydrogens and one oxygen must combine chemically -by looking at a chemical formula, be able to determine how many atoms of each element are present (H20) -pure substances can be represented by a chemical formula -a carbonated drink is an example of a gas-liquid mixture -chemical properties indicate how a substance will react with other substances -matter is anything that has mass and takes up space -know Fig 3 Iron is the most abundant element in the earth, -oxygen is the most abundant element in the human body -salt and water form a homogeneous mixture -be able to look at a formula and indicate the # and identity of each atom -pure substances can be represented by chemical formulas -carbon dioxide can dissolve in water to form a gas-liquid mixture -a chemical property of matter is reactivity -physical properties of matter (freezing point, boiling point, density) -grinding a material is an example of physical change (grilling a burger is a chemical change) -when water is broken down, oxygen and hydrogen gas form -know the indications that the chemical change has taken place (release of a gas, change in color, production of a gas, formation of a precipitate) -the boiling point is when a liquid changes rapidly into a gas
Sept 12	Wed	Same as Tuesday
Sept 13	Thur	Fire Polishing Lab -- Making Stirring Rods
Sept 14	Fri	Same as Thursday -- Mon/Wed classes meet
Sept 17	Mon	-Test Ch 2 -Read Chapter 3 -Write out all chapter 3 definitions, please # all terms -Pre-Reading Questions p.69 #1,2 -Read p.70-79
Sept 18	Tues	Same as Monday
Sept 19	Wed	p.64-65 Skills Practice Lab "Testing the Conservation of Mass" -p.65 #1-4 (analysis and conclusion) -Do a complete lab write-up (using the format on -p.841 "How to Write a Laboratory Report"
Sept 20	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Sept 21	Fri	-Begin Ch 3 p.70-79 (section 1) -Vanilla balloon demo -Read p.80-86 -p.80 Write out answers to all 5 objectives at the top of the page. -Explain how a refrigerator works -Bring Graph paper for next class.
Sept 24	Mon	-Quiz over p.80 Objectives -Ch 3 p.80-86 (section 2) -Archimedes "Eye Dropper" Diver demonstration -p.86 #1-9 -Read p.87-92
Sept 25	Tues	Same as Monday
Sept 26	Wed	-Ch 3 p.87-92 (section 3) -p.92 #1-6 -p.93 Graphing Skills #1-6 (do entire assignment on a single piece of graph paper) -Read p.98-99 Lab "Boiling and Freezing"
Sept 27	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Sept 28	Fri	-p.98-99 Skills Practice Lab "Boiling and Freezing" -use the regular lab write up format
Oct 1	Mon	-Review Ch 3 -p.94 #1-25 Chapter 3 Review Physical Science Holt Spectrum -read the chapter carefully -know objectives for all sections within the chapter -know all the key terms -study the summaries located at the end of each section -study the summaries at the end of each section -kinetic theory--know three main points p.70 -know four states of matter and be able to describe how particles behave in each state -energy p.73 -thermal energy p.73 -temperature p.74 -changes of state a) evaporation, b) condensation, c) sublimation p.75 -Law of conservation of mass, law of conservation of energy p.77-78 -fluids p.80 -buoyant force p.80 -pressure, Archimedes' principle p.81 -float vs sink p.82 -pressure p.83 (pascal = SI unit of pressure) -Pascal's principle p.84 -hydraulic devices p.85 -viscosity p.85 -Bernouli's principle p.86 -Boyle's, Charles's and Gay-Lussac's law p.88-92 (know how each law works)
Oct 2	Tues	Senior Survival leaves at noon through end of week -Same as Monday
Oct 3	Wed	-Test Ch 3 -Read Ch 4 -Write out all chapter 4 definitions, please # all terms -Read Ch 4 p.104-110
Oct 4	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Oct 5	Fri	- Begin Ch 4 p.104-110 (part 1) -p.103 #1-3 Pre-reading -p.110 #1-7 -Read p.111-119
Oct 8	Mon	Friday Schedule on Monday (meet all classes) -Ch 4 p.111-119 (part 2) -p.119 #1-8 -Read p.120-128
Oct 9	Tues	-Video #7 "The Periodic Table" (take notes--numbered, point form--about 15 ideas from the video) -Pause the video to allow students to get down ideas.
Oct 10	Wed	Same as Tuesday
Oct 11	Thur	-Ch 4 p.120-128 -p.128 #1-8 -Read p.129-134
Oct 12	Fri	Same as Thursday
Oct 15	Mon	Friday Schedule Meet all classes -Ch 4 p.129-134 -p.134 #1-9 -Begin Reviewing Ch 4 -Begin p.136 #1-28 -Chemistry Bingo (2nd half of period)
Oct 16	Tues	Same as Monday
Oct 17	Wed	-Help with p.134 #1-9 -Chemistry Bingo (time permitting) Noon Dismissal -- Fall Break
Oct 18	Thur	Staff Development
Oct 19	Fri	Fall Break
Oct 22	Mon	No School -- Fall Break
Oct 23	Tues	Review Ch 4 -p.136 #1-28 -ExCred p.137 #29-39 (10 pts) Review Ch 4 -Dalton's atomic theory states that every element is made of atoms that could not be subdivided, atoms of the same element are alike, and atoms can join to form molecules. -the charge of an electron is negative -the charge of a proton is positive -the nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge -atoms have no electric charge because they have equal numbers of protons and electrons -according to Bohr's model of the atom, an electron behaves like planets orbiting the sun -according to Bohr's theory, an electron's path around the nucleus defines its energy level -atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons -an alkali metal ion, like Li, is much less reactive than a lithium atom because it has a full outermost energy level (valence) -an atoms atomic number indicates the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom -know where the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gas elements are located -noble gases exist as single atoms rather than molecules -semiconductors are elements that can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions -most halogens form compounds by gaining an electron to form a negative ion -group 18, noble gases, are inert (non-reactive) because they have a full outermost energy level -nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table -metals are found in the center and left side of the periodic table -a mole is the SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance -Avogadro's constant is defined as the number of particles found in one mole of a pure substance -molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance -be able to convert from moles to grams -be able to convert from grams to moles -it is impossible to know the exact location of an electron, -order of the periodic table is based on the atomic number, -valence electrons determine the chemical properties and an atoms ability to form bonds, -ionization is the losing or gaining of electrons, an ion is less reactive than an atom in the alkali metals because is has a full outer level, -atomic numbers indicate an atoms # of protons or positive charges, -mass # = protons plus neutrons, -average atomic mass is a weighted average of common isotopes, -atomic mass unit is 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom, -alkali metals are located on the left side of the periodic table, -be able to determine if an element is a alkali metal, -alkali metals are quite reactive because they have one valence electron that is easily removed to form a positive ion, -noble gases exist as single atoms rather than as molecules, -semiconductors are elements that can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions, -halogens form compounds by gaining an electron to form a negative ion, -Group 18 (noble gases) are inert because their outermost energy level is full, -nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table, -transition metals form compounds by losing electrons to form positive ions, -a mole is a unit used to describe an amount of substance, -Avogadro's constant is defined as the number of particles in a mole of a substance, -molar mass is the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance, -be able to calculate moles to mass, -be able to calculate mass to moles (several questions of each type)
Oct 24	Wed	Same as Tuesday
Oct 25	Thur	-Begin Ch 5 Section 1 -p.155 #1-4
Oct 26	Fri	-Mon/Wed classes meet -Same as Thursday
Oct 29	Mon	-Test Ch 4 -Read Ch 5 -Write out all Ch 5 definitions (# all terms) -p.154 Quick Activity "Building a Close-Packed Structure" #1-3
Oct 30	Tues	Same as Monday
Oct 31	Wed	-Ch 5 p.151-158 (section 2) -p.158 #1-8
Nov 1	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Nov 2	Fri	-p.149 Quick Lab "Which melts more easily, sugar or salt?" -Each person does their own lab assignment. -Read p.159-164
Nov 5	Mon	-Ch 5 p.159-164 (section 3) -p.164 #1-5 -p.152 #1-2 Connection to Social Studies (turn in during class)
Nov 6	Tues	Plan Test for all sophomores
Nov 7	Wed	-Ch 5 p.165-172 Section 4 -p.172 #1-6 -p.146 #1-2 Fine Arts Connection (turn in during class)
Nov 8	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Nov 9	Fri	-Review Ch 5 -p.174 #1-26 Ch 5 Review Sheet -chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms or ions together. -mixtures are composed of substances that retain their own properties. -compounds always contain the same elements in the same proportion -be able to determine the number of atoms of each element in any compound. -be able to determine whether compounds are ionic or covalent. -know the comparative strength of bonds in solids, liquids and gases. -molecules in gases have very little attraction for one another and therefore take up a lot of space. -atoms form bonds (join) so they can become stable (and they achieve an outermost energy level that is full of electrons). -bonds that form are not rigid--they are more like flexible springs. -ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. -covalent bonds form between nonmetal atoms. -metallic bonds occur where the nucleus of one atom is attracted by a nearby atom's electrons. -ionic compounds have very high melting points because the ions have very strong attraction for each other. -metals are good conductors of electricity because their electrons are free to move from atom to atom. -solid ionic compounds have very high melting points because they contain charged ions that are locked tightly together. -covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons. -oxygen atoms that form negative ions are called oxide ions. -anions are negative ions. -cations are positive ions. -be able to name covalent compounds (using table 7 on page 162). -know the prefixes p.162 table 7. -be able to use Roman numerals to name transition metals (groups 3-12). -a carbon atom can bond to four other atoms because they have four valence electrons. -know what valence electrons are -methane is the simplest organic compound. -alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain single covalent bonds. -alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain double bonds. -alcohols are organic compounds that contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. -polymers are large organic molecules that are made of repeating units. -proteins are polymers of amino acids.
Nov 12	Mon	Test Ch 5 -Read Ch 6 -Write out all Ch 6 definitions--please # all terms
Nov 13	Tues	Grades due, pm Same as Monday
Nov 14	Wed	Begin Ch 6 Sections 1 & 2 p.184-197 -p.189 #1-6 -p.197 #1-8 -Advance planners: please begin reviewing for the semester exam ch 1-7. The exam review is found on Dec 15 on this web page.
Nov 15	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Nov 16	Fri	-Quiz 6-2 Reaction Types (List the five reaction types, provide a general equation and actual examples for each of the five reaction types.) and Exothermic and Endothermic reactions -Sign up for all the Ice Cream Lab Ingredients -Video #13 "The Driving Forces" -Take notes (point form) for 15 ideas learned from the video (15pts)
Nov 19	Mon	Dairy Ice Cream Lab: Things to Bring: - List the names of all group members. Indicate who is responsible for each item being brought to the ice cream lab. Make a second copy of this sheet to leave with Mr. Heilman. _______________________Ice cream maker (4 quart size) NOTE: All ingredients must be adjusted when a 2 quart or 6 quart ice cream maker is used. _______________________Salt, rock (4lbs) _______________________Can opener _______________________Plastic spoons & bowls (enough for your lab group) _______________________Serving spoon, large (for stirring ingredients and serving ice cream) _______________________One gallon milk (skim, 2% or whole) _______________________Sweetened condensed milk, 2 cans (14 ounce size) NOTE: Don't bring cans that are several years old--they are usually bad. _______________________Pudding, Instant (your choice of flavor), 2 packages (5.1 ounce size) _______________________Toppings (Pecans, Mixed Nuts, M&M’s, Oreo cookie crumbs, etc.) -Iced is provided by the ice maker in the gymnasium office (no one needs to bring ice). Vegan Ice Cream Lab: Things to Bring: - List the names of all group members. Indicate who is responsible for each item being brought to the ice cream lab. Make a second copy of this sheet to leave with Mr. Heilman. _______________________Ice cream maker (4 quart size) NOTE: All ingredients must be adjusted when a 2 quart or 6 quart ice cream maker is used. _______________________Salt, rock (4lbs) _______________________Can opener _______________________Plastic spoons & bowls (enough for your lab group) _______________________Serving spoon, large (for stirring ingredients and serving ice cream) _______________________Silk Soymilk Vanilla, 1/2 gallon _______________________Silk Creamer (Plain or French Vanilla) 1 quart _______________________Vanilla (2-4 tsp depending on taste) _______________________Honey (4-8 ounces depending on how sweet you like your ice cream) _______________________Pudding, Instant (your choice of flavor), 2 packages of Jell-o Instant 5.1 oz size (yes, its vegan) _______________________Toppings (Pecans, Mixed Nuts, M&M’s, Oreo cookie crumbs, etc.) -Iced is provided by the ice maker in the gymnasium office (no one needs to bring ice).
Nov 20	Tues	Same as Monday/Noon Dismissal
Nov 21	Wed	Thanksgiving Break -For those interested doing well on the Semester Exam, the Review Ch 1-7 is online as of Nov 14, 2007. This is a good opportunity to do some advance planning preparing for the semester exam.
Nov 22	Thur	Break
Nov 23	Fri	Break
Nov 26	Mon	Ch 6 Sections 3 & 4 p.198-212 -Work on assignment in class -p.204 #1-5 (turn in at the end of class) -p.212 #1-8 (turn in at the end of class)
Nov 27	Tues	Same as Monday
Nov 28	Wed	Quiz 7-1 Writing Chemical Forumlas -p.212 #1-8 (turn in at the end of class)
Nov 29	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Nov 30	Fri	Review Ch 6 -p.214 #1-28 Physical Science Ch 6 Test Review - NOTE: Make sure that you can apply these ideas to situations that will be presented within the test. -Know five signs that indicate that a chemical reaction has (or is) taking place. (heat, light, precipitate, change in color, production of a gas) -A reactant is a substance that undergoes a change in a chemical reaction. -In a chemical reaction atoms are rearranged. -Exothermic reactions are those in which energy is transferred from reactants to the surroundings. -Endothermic reactions are those where energy is transferred from the surroundings to the reactants. -Chemical energy is energy that is derived from the atoms and molecules. -Photosynthesis is a good example of the energy of the sun (light energy) being transferred to chemical (stored) energy in plants. -Know the five general types of chemical reactions (what is happening in each type). a) synthesis: A + B --> AB b) decomposition: AB --> A + B c) single displacement: A + BC --> AC + B d) double displacement: AB + CD --> AD + CB e) combustion: C xH y + O 2 --> CO 2 + H 2O -The product of the synthesis reaction between sodium and chlorine gas is sodium chloride. -Know the equation Na + Cl2 --> NaCl -When methane reacts with oxygen it produces carbon dioxide and water. -When water decomposes (electrolysis), it produces hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. -Digestion is an example of decomposition. -Radicals are fragments of molecules that have one or more electrons available for bonding. -Redox reactions are those where one substance accepts electrons (is reduced) and another gives electrons (is oxidized). -Balancing a chemical reaction (often) requires changing or adding coefficients. -Be able to determine the number of moles used/produced in a reaction by looking at a balanced chemical equation. -Know the law of definite proportions and how it works. -In any balanced chemical equation, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products. -Any balanced chemical equation indicates the number of particles of reactants and products as well as the number of moles of reactants and products. -Know factors that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction (increasing the surface area, increasing the pressure, increasing the temperature, adding a catalyst). -Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. -Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in chemical reactions. -Inhibitors are catalysts that slow down a reaction. -Chemical equilibrium is where the forward rate (production of products) is equal to the reverse rate (production of reactants). -Whenever the concentration of one substance in an equilibrium is increased, then the reaction proceeds so that less of that particular substance is produced. -Electrolysis is when water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. -LeChatelier's principle states: If a change is made to a system in chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to oppose the change until a new equilibrium is reached. -If time allows: -p.208 Quick Lab "What affects the rates of chemical reactions?" -p.208 #1,2
Dec 3	Mon	Test Ch 6 (first half of period) -Write out all Ch 7 definitions (please # all terms) Begin Ch 7 p.224-231 -p.231 #1-7
Dec 4	Tues	Same as Monday -Chambliss Home Christmas Party
Dec 5	Wed	Ch 7 p.232-244 -p.238 #1-6 -Read & study p.232-244 Band to Orange Grove Center/AM
Dec 6	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Dec 7	Fri	-Quiz p.232-244 -Review 7.3 as necessary (do problems calculating molarity) -p.244 #1-7 -p.245 #1-6 Graphing Skills- -ACT TESTING
Dec 10	Mon	-p.246 #1-23, extra credit #24-27 Review Ch 7 Chapter 7 Review Physical Science Holt Spectrum -read the chapter carefully -know objectives for all sections within the chapter -know all the key terms -study the summaries located at the end of each section -study the summaries at the end of each section -homogeneous -heterogeneous -suspension -colloid -emulsion -solution -solute -solvent -alloy -know three ways to increase the rate at which a solute dissolves -olive oil is an example of a non-polar compound -egg whites, paint, blood and whipped cream are all examples of colloids -distillation -polar compound -hydrogen bonding -nonpolar compound -be able to determine the ability of a substance to dissolve as it relates to the relative strength of forces between the solvent molecules. -explain how a solute affects the freezing point and boiling point of a solution -like dissolves like (eg. polar will dissolve polar and nonpolar will dissolve nonpolar) -solubility (grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent) -concentration -unsaturated solution -saturated solution -supersaturated solution -be able to determine the molarity (moles of solute / liter of solution)of a solution -be comfortable with reading graphs (eg. p.245)
Dec 11	Tues	Same as Monday
Dec 12	Wed	Test Ch 7 -Read Ch 8 -Write out all Ch 8 definitions (please # all terms) - GCSS Bands Christmas Concert
Dec 13	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Dec 14	Fri	-Lab "Solubility of Sugar"
Dec 15	Mon	Review for Semester Exam Ch 1-7 The greatest want in the world is the want of men Men who will not be bought or sold, Men who in their inmost souls are true and honest, Men who do not fear to call sin by its right name, Men whose conscience is as true to duty as the needle to the pole Men who will stand for the right though the heavens fall. Physical Science Final Exam Review -The two main branches of science are natural and social -Know the branches of biology (ecology, zoology, medicine). -The three branches of natural science are life, physical, and earth science. -Technology is applied science which is using science for the benefit of mankind. -Pure science is continuing the search for new knowledge (which is learning for the sake of knowing). -Scientists do experiments to find out information about our world. -Scientific theories allow scientists to make predictions. -A scientific theory is an explanation that has been tested by many observations. -A scientific model is a representation of a real event or object. -Scientific models are used to help us envision real events or objects. -Scientific theories can be changed or replaced when new discoveries are made. -Scientific method is a series of logical steps that is followed to solve a problem. -Experiments are used to validate or test hypotheses. -An hypothesis is an educated guess that is testable. -Scientists test a hypothesis by doing experiments. -The SI unit for temperature is Kelvin. -Know the SI prefixes used for measurement (e.g. Deci, centi, milli, micro, deca, hecto, kilo, mega). -Be able to convert from one metric unit to another. e.g. grams to kilograms or centimeters to meters or the opposite direction. -Be able to read and interpret graphs. -Be able to express numbers in scientific notation. -Be able to express scientific numbers in regular notation. -A precise measurement is one that is as exact as possible. -A measurement that is accurate is one that is close to the true value. -Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. -Chemistry is the science of what matter is made of and how it changes. -Oxygen is the most abundant element in the human body. -Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. -A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance. -Homogeneous mixture -Miscible -Immiscible -Be able to determine the number of atoms contained in a molecule of a compound. -Solids will hold its shape without a container. -Physical changes include breaking, tearing, and grinding. -Physical properties include freezing point, boiling point and density. -Digesting food or grilling a burger are examples of chemical changes. -Evidences of a chemical change taking place are release of a gas, change in color, production of a gas, releasing light or heat, or the formation of a precipitate. -Evaporation is the process of a liquid becoming a gas. -Freezing is the process of a liquid becoming a solid. -The heavier a particle, the slower it moves. -The speed of atoms and molecules are determined by the size of the atoms and the temperature of the substance. -Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of fluid. -Buoyant force is the upward force exerted on an object immersed or floating on a liquid. -In order for ice to melt to form water, energy is absorbed. -Viscosity is the resistance of fluid to flow. -Kinetic theory states that the higher the temperature, the faster the particles that make up a substance move. -Evaporation refers to the change of state from a liquid to a gas. -Pure substances can be represented by chemical formulas. -For solids, liquids and gases, know whether they have definite volume or definite shape. -Boiling point is where a liquid rapidly changes into a gas. -Know examples of a) Physical properties b) Chemical properties -Be able to do density problems (D = m/v) -Be able to determine if a change is chemical or physical. -Know five evidences that a chemical change has taken place. -Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. -Sublimation, condensation, evaporation, freezing (know what is happening in each process). -Lighter particles move faster than heavier particles at the same temperature. -Pascal’s principle states that a fluid in equilibrium in a closed vessel exerts pressure in all directions equally. -The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed. -Less dense materials float on more dense materials. Example: ice floats on liquid water because ice is less dense than water. -Boyle’s law relates of a gas to its volume. -Charles’s law is the relationship of volume to temperature. -Gay-Lussac’s law relates pressure of a gas to its temperature. -Pressure is determined by dividing force by area. -Buoyant force is upward force exerted on an object floating on a liquid. -When the volume of a certain amount of gas is decreased, the pressure will increase. -Dalton’s atomic theory states that every element is made of atoms that could not be subdivided, atoms of the same element are alike and atoms can join to form molecules. -Protons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus of an atom. -Neutrons have no charge and are found in the nucleus of an atom. -Electrons carry a single negative charge. -Atoms have no electric charge because they have equal positive (protons) and negative (electrons) charge. -Bohr’s model of the atom states that electrons behave like planets orbiting the sun. -Bohr’s theory states that an electron’s path around the nucleus defines it energy level. -Modern atomic theory states that it is nearly impossible to determine an electron’s exact position. -The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number. -Atoms in the same group have similar properties. -Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. -Valence electrons determine the chemical properties of atoms. -Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. -Ions are much less reactive than neutral atoms because they have already achieved a noble bas configuration. -Atomic numbers indicate the number of protons in an atom. -An atom’s mass or mass number = the number of protons + number of neutrons. -Average atomic mass is ……. -Alkali metals are located in the left-most column of the periodic table and they are the most reactive of the metals. -Noble gases exist as atoms rather than as molecules because they are very stable. -Semiconductors are elements that conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions. -Halogens are group 17 elements and form compounds by gaining an electron to form a negative ion. -Group 18 elements called the noble gas elements are inert because their outermost energy level is filled. -Non-metals are found on the upper right side of the periodic table. -Metals are found on the left side of the table. -Metalloids are found along the zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals. -Molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance. -Be able to convert from moles to grams. -Be able to convert from grams to moles. -Chemical bonds are forces that hold different atoms or ions together. -Compounds vs. mixtures (compounds always have the same elements in the same proportion). -Mixtures are different from compounds because each substance in a mixture retains its own properties. -Gases take up a lot of space because their molecules have very little attraction for one another. -Atoms often join so that each atom will have an outermost energy level that is full of electrons. -An ionic bond is a bond that forms between ions with opposite charges. -Covalent bonds for formed between nonmetals. -Copper (or any metal) is a good conductor of electricity because its electrons are free to move from atom to atom. -Covalent bonds are where electron are shared between atoms. -Polymers are large organic molecules that are made of repeating units. -Proteins are polymers that are made of amino acids. -Chemical reactions happen when atoms are rearranged. -Exothermic reactions occur when energy is transferred from the reactants to the surroundings. -Endothermic reactions occur when energy is transferred from the surroundings to the reactants. -The source of energy in photosynthesis is light energy. -Digestion is an example of a decomposition reaction.
Dec 16	Tues	Semester Exams, 12:30 PM Dismissal
Dec 17	Wed	Semester Exams, 12:30 PM Dismissal
Dec 18	Thur	-Physical Science Semester Exam 8:00 am to 9:30 am Semester Exams, 12:30 PM Dismissal
Dec 19	Fri	Exam Make up Day / Semester Grades Due
		Christmas Break
		Christmas Break
		Christmas Break
		Christmas Break
		Christmas Break
		Christmas Break
		Christmas Break
Jan 7	Mon	School Resumes -Begin Ch 10.1 p.318-324 -p.324 #1-5 -Read and study p.318-324 for a quiz next period.
Jan 8	Tues	Same as Monday
Jan 9	Wed	-Quiz 10.1 (over information from p.318-324) -Ch 10.2 p.325-330 -p.330 #1-4
Jan 10	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Jan 11	Fri	-Ch 10.3 p.331-336 -p.336 #1-6
Jan 14	Mon	-Lab "Graph Time vs Distance for toy cars" (use p.337 as a model for graphing). -Produce 3 graphs by plotting 5 different points for each of three speeds: slow, medium and fast for the toy automobile. -p.337 #1-7 Graphing Skills
Jan 15	Tues	Same as Monday
Jan 16	Wed	Physical Science Review Ch 10 -Review Ch 10 -Chapter 10 Review Physical Science Holt Spectrum -read the chapter carefully -know objectives for all sections within the chapter -know all the key terms -study the summaries located at the end of each section -study the summaries at the end of each section -average speed -know the equation for (and be able to find) speed -velocity (know the difference between speed and velocity). -acceleration (equation to determine -the SI unit for acceleration is m/s 2 -force can be used to change the velocity of an object -if the net force acting upon an object is zero, the object will remain at rest -balanced forces (are present when the net force is equal to zero) -friction -unbalanced forces -when an object encounters a limit to acceleration after the application of a force over a period of time, the object is experiencing friction -friction is increased when the surfaces in contact are rough -an object is in motion when the object changes position relative to a reference point -displacement is the change in position of an object -kinetic friction -static friction -measuring distance per second is more accurate than measuring distance per minute -be able to apply each of the ideas in this chapter to examples Review Ch 10 -p.338 #1-35
Jan 17	Thur	SNOW DAY -- NO SCHOOL
Jan 18	Fri	-Thursday classes meet
Jan 21	Mon	No School
Jan 22	Tues	NOTE: Those attending prayer conference next Wed-Fri need to take Ch 10 Test before they leave for the conference. -Test Ch 10 -Read Ch 11 -Write out all Ch 11 definitions (please # all terms)
Jan 23	Wed	Same as Tuesday
Jan 24	Thur	p.345 Focus Activity -answer all questions in the activity. -Begin Ch 11 p. 346-351 -p.351 #1-6
Jan 25	Fri	Same as Thursday
Jan 28	Mon	-Ch 11 p.352-359 -p.359 #1-6 -p.367 Math Skills (work through the example, then answer) -p.367 #1-3 Practice
Jan 29	Tues	Same as Monday
Jan 30	Wed	Ch 11 p.360-366 -p.366 #1-6
Jan 31	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Feb 1	Fri	-Quiz p.360-366 -p.372 Skills Practice Lab "Measuring Forces" -Do procedure #1-9 -p.373 Analysis #1
Feb 4	Mon	Review Ch 11 -p.368 #1-29 Ch 11 Review Physical Science Inertia- the tendency of an object to resist being moved or if the object is moving, to resist a change in speed or direction until an outside force acts on the object. Newton’s 1 st law -An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion maintains it velocity unless it experiences an unbalanced force. Air bags a) Why are they dangerous?, b) Why are they beneficial? c) How do they work? Calculate force, mass and acceleration. F = ma, m = F/a, a = F/m Free fall –when the only force acting on an object is gravity. Terminal velocity – is the maximum speed reached by an object when the force of gravity is balanced by air resistance. Projectile motion is experienced by any object that is thrown (it is a curved path). If two objects of different masses are falling towards earth, both fall at the same rate without air resistance. Orbital motion is a combination of two motions. Example: When a space ship is falling towards the earth at the same rate that it is moving forward. Newton’s Second law: The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times its acceleration. F = ma Newton’s 3 rd law states that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Momentum is a quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object. p.362 Momentum = mass x velocity, p = mv All forces come in action reaction pairs. All objects have momentum. p.364 The total amount of momentum in an isolated system is conserved. An object that is standing still has zero speed, velocity and momentum. Weight is the downward force exerted on objects due to gravity. The further objects are apart from one another, the less the gravitation force between them. -Acceleration is measured in m/s2 The SI unit of force is the newton and is named after a famous scientist. One pound is equal to 4.448 N The approximate terminal velocity of a sky diver before the parachute opens is 320 km/h. Objects do not have momentum unless they are moving. Friction is the unbalanced force that acts on cars to slow them down while rolling down the road. The law of conservation of momentum allows scientists to predict what will happen when two objects with different masses collide. For action-reaction forces: a) there are always two of them, b) they are always equal, c) they always occur at the same time.
Feb 5	Tues	Grades due/ PM -Same as Monday
Feb 6	Wed	Test Ch 11 -Read Ch 12 -Write out all Ch 12 definitions (please # all terms)
Feb 7	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Feb 8	Fri	-Begin Ch 12.1 p.378-384 -p.384 #1-8 -Wear tennis shoes & pants for Monday "Power Lab"
Feb 11	Mon	-p.380 Quick Lab "Power Lab" -Make a data table
Feb 12	Tues	Same as Monday
Feb 13	Wed	-Ch 12.2 p.385-390 -p.390 #1-8 -Study for a quiz over 12.2 p.385-390
Feb 14	Thur	Valentines Day
Feb 15	Fri	-Ch 12.3 p.391-399 -p.399 #1-9 -Study for Quiz 12.3 p. 391-399
Feb 18	Mon	No School
Feb 19	Tues	-Quiz 12.3 p.391-399 -Ch 12.4 p.400-408 -p.408 #1-9 -p.409 Graphing skills -p.409 #1-7
Feb 20	Wed	Same as Tuesday
Feb 21	Thur	-Demonstration "Boil Water in a Paper Cup" with a torch. Review Chapter 12 -p.410 #1-28 Physical Science Ch 12 Review Know the equation for work. Be able to calculate work done on an object. Know three units used to measure work. Be able to calculate power. Know the three units used to measure power. Be able to calculate the mechanical advantage of a ramp. Define machine. Know the three types of levers and examples of each. Know the mechanical advantage of a single fixed pulley. Know the six types of simple machines p.385. Know what an inclined plane does. A pair of pliers is an example of a compound machine. When work is done, energy is transferred or transformed. Energy may be defined as the ability to do work. Work and energy have the same units. Be able to determine the gravitational potential energy. (PE = mgh) Be able to determine kinetic energy ( KE = 0.5mv 2) Know what mechanical energy is. The kind of energy associated with atomic bonds is chemical energy. The main source of the sun’s energy is nuclear fusion. Know what is happening when a pendulum is swinging (relative to potential and kinetic energy as the pendulum moves). Energy of a closed system is constant. The energy of an open system can increase. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Be able to calculate the efficiency of a ramp. Be able to do problems with efficiency. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
Feb 22	Fri	Same as Thursday
Feb 25	Mon	-Test Ch 12 -Write out all Ch 13 definitions (please # all terms) -EX Credit 10pts (See p.430 Quick Lab "What color absorbs more radiation?) Bring in 4 (10-20 oz) clean & dry vegetable cans (all the same size--remove the paper label). Spray paint two of the cans black (outside only).
Feb 26	Tues	Same as Monday
Feb 27	Wed	Begin Ch 13 p.420-426 -p.426 #1-6 p.419 Focus Activity Activity #2 Make a chart to display your results (do this one at home).
Feb 28	Thurs	Same as Wednesday
Feb 29	Fri	Leap Year Ch 13 p.427-434 -p.434 #1-6
Mar 3	Mon	Spring Break
Mar 4	Tues	Spring Break
Mar 5	Wed	Spring Break
Mar 6	Thur	Spring Break
Mar 7	Fri	Spring Break
Mar 10	Mon	Ch 13 p.435-444 -P.444 #1-5
Mar 11	Tues	Same as Monday
Mar 12	Wed	-Quiz over p.435-444 (notes from last period) p.450-451 Skills Practice Lab -Do a full lab write up. "Investigating Conduction of Heat" -p.451 Analysis and Conclusions #1-6
Mar 13	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Mar 14	Fri	Review Ch 13 -p.446 #1-26 <>Physical Science Review Chapter 13 The volume a liquid in a thermometer increases when the temperature increases. Energy is transferred as heat between objects that are different temperatures. Energy always goes from substances of higher temperatures to substances of lower temperatures. Hot objects emit more radiation than does a cool object. Radiation is the only method of energy transfer in a vacuum. Water has the highest specific heat of the all the substances that we have studied. Specific heat the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1 degree Celsius (or Kelvin). Good insulators are poor conductors. Metals are excellent conductors. Wood, plastic and rubber are insulators. Insulation minimizes undesirable energy transfers. R-value is a standard rating system used to measure the effectiveness of insulation. Temperature is: a) associated with a sensation of hot or cold, b) proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecules, c) measured with thermometers. 37 Celsius is equal to 98.6 Fahrenheit. For extra credit be able to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius temperature. Be able to convert from Celsius to Kelvin and Kelvin to Celsius. Increases in kinetic energy are associated with temperature increases. The transfer of energy caused by the collision of molecules is called conduction. The transfer of energy by movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called convection. Radiation is the method of the sun’s energy reaching the earth. In convection currents: hot air rises and cool air descends. Radiation requires no movement of matter as do other methods of energy transfer. Be able to solve problems using the equation: Energy = specific heat capacity * mass in kg * change in temperature. Energy as heat always flows from higher temperature to lower temperature. In an air conditioner, a refrigerant evaporates and it absorbs energy as heat from the surrounding air. A combustion engine uses heat to do work.
Mar 17	Mon	-Test Ch 13 -Write out all Ch 14 definitions (please # all terms)
Mar 18	Tues	Same as Monday
Mar 19	Wed	-Begin Ch 14 p. 454-462 -p.462 #1-6 -Study for quiz over p. 462 #1-6
Mar 20	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Mar 21	Fri	No School, Staff Development
Mar 24	Mon	-Quiz over p.462 #1-6 -p.453 Focus Activity "The Wave" -Ch 14 p.463-471 -p.471 #1-9
Mar 25	Tues	Same as Monday
Mar 26	Wed	Video about Tsunamis -Use point for to record any 15 ideas you learned from the video. (15pts)
Mar 27	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Mar 28	Fri	Ch 14 p.472-478 -Demonstrate Waves using a jump rope or a slinky -p.478 #1-8
Mar 31	Mon	Review Ch 14 -p.480 #1-34 Physical Science Ch 14 Review Increases in wave frequency are associated with increases in wave speed. Light travels slower in glass than it does in a vacuum. Waves transport energy, not matter. Visible light waves do not require a medium through which to travel. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves. Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Amplitude determines the energy of a mechanical wave. As the frequency of sound waves increase, the wavelength of the sound waves decreases. As the period of a wave increases, the frequency decreases. Sound waves travel faster where air is denser. The color of visible light is dependent upon the wavelength of the light. Sound waves travel faster through solids than through air. Two waves in the same place at the same time produce a single wave. Refraction is when light passes from air to glass and the light may change direction. Sound waves require a medium through which to pass. Light waves are electromagnetic waves and do not require a medium through which to pass. Water waves transport energy but not water. Seismic waves travel through rocks and materials in the earth. Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Light waves are transverse waves. Water waves are mechanical waves. Be able to interpret graphs of sine waves. Know the relationship between wave speed, wave frequency, and wavelength. Be able to solve problems using: v = f * wavelength (speed = frequency * wavelength). Understand Doppler Effect. A wavefront is a surface made up of all the points on a wave that have the same energy. The frequency of a sound wave determines the pitch of the sound. The amplitude of a sound wave determines the loudness of the sound. X rays have a greater frequency than visible light. Transverse waves can be accurately represented by a sine curve. Light color is determined by the frequency of the light waves. For the electromagnetic spectrum, radio waves have the longest wavelength.
Apr 1	Tues	Same as Monday
Apr 2	Wed	Test Ch 14 -Write out all Ch 15 definitions (please # all terms) Band Tour to Washington, DC
Apr 3	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Apr 4	Fri	Begin Ch 15 (section 15.1) -p.498 #1-7 -Study for a quiz over 15.1 objectives & vocab & p.492 Fig #2)
Apr 7	Mon	-Quiz over 15.1 (vocab & objectives & p.492 Fig #2) -Section 15.2 -p.505 #1-5
Apr 8	Tues	Same as Monday
Apr 9	Wed	-Ch 15 Section 3 p.506-511 -p.511 #1-8 -Study for a quiz over 15.3 vocab & objectives
Apr 10	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Apr 11	Fri	-Quiz 15.3 vocab & objectives -Ch 15.4 p.512-518 -p.518 #1-8 -p.519 Math Skills #1-3 -Study for a quiz over 15.4 vocabulary and objectives ACT TEST
Apr 14	Mon	p.524 Skills Practice Lab "Forming Images with Lenses" -Do a full lab write up. -p.525 Analysis & Conclusions #1-3
Apr 15	Tues	Same as Monday Grades Due, PM
Apr 16	Wed	Review Ch 15 -p.520 #1-30 Physical Science Review Ch 15 -Sound travels fastest in sea water compared to rubber, steel, water, or air. -The pitch of a sound is most closely related to the frequency of vibrations. -Unique sound qualities of various instruments are caused by the particular intensity of various harmonics in each instrument. -Resonance occurs when the vibration of one object causes another object to vibrate at natural frequencies. -The hammer, anvil and stirrup are the three bones that transfer sound vibrations from the ear drum to the inner ear. -The basilar membrane is the structure within the cochlea containing hair cells that vibrate at different natural frequencies. -Sonar systems measure distance by determining the time it takes for sound waves to bounce off a surface. -Ultrasound machines produce images of body structures because sound waves travel at different speeds through materials of different densities. -The particle model of light explains how light can travel through empty space without a medium. -A photon's energy is proportional to the frequency of the corresponding light wave. -Intensity is the rate at which light energy flows. -Know figure 14 on page 502 (Be able to compare longer to shorter wavelengths. Be able to compare energies of various wavelengths and frequency.) -Gamma rays can be used to kill cancer cells. -Short-range radar works by sending a signal out from a control tower and the signal is reflected back to the control tower. -When light is reflected off a rough surface the rays are scattered. -Know the law of reflection. -Virtual images result from light rays that appear to be at a certain location. -Objects appear to be a certain color because they reflect that color and absorb the other colors of the visible spectrum. -If you look at a red flower under green light the flower will appear black because it absorbs the green light and there is no red light to reflect. -A virtual image is caused by reflection of light in the atmosphere and is called a mirage. -Total internal reflection is what enables optic cables and various medical equipment to carry signals. -Diverging lenses bend light outward and only create virtual images. -Light rays that pass through a lens are refracted. -The structure within the eye the is responsible for the largest percentage of refractioin of light is the cornea. -Dispersion is the effect in which white light separates into different colors. -White light breaks up into different colors when it passes through a prism because of differences in wave speed. -Be able to draw an illustration of the law of reflection.
Apr 17	Thur	Same as Wednesday
Apr 18	Fri	-Test Ch 15 -Write out all Ch 16 definitions (please # all terms)
Apr 21	Mon	-Begin Ch 16 p.530-536 (16.1) -p.536 #1-6 -Section 16.2 p.537-545 -p.545 #1-8 (Note: study for quiz over 16.2)
Apr 22	Tues	Same as Monday
Apr 23	Wed	-Quiz 16.2 (over information from last period & assigned questions) -Section 16.3 p.546-552 -p.552 #1-8
Apr 24	Thur	No School, Staff Development
Apr 25	Fri	No School
Apr 28	Mon	-Ch 16 Review -p.554 #1-21,23-25
Apr 29	Tues	Same as Monday
Apr 30	Wed	p.558 Lab "Constsructing Electric Circuits" -Do a full lab write up. -p.559 Analysis & Conclusions #1-6
May 1	Thur	Same as Wednesday
May 2	Fri	Review Ch 16 -p.554 #1-21,23-25 -Same charged objects repel each other. -Oppositely charged objects attract each other. -Neutral objects have an equal number of positive and negatives. -Electric force varies depending on the charge and distance between charged objects. -Know the equation for R = V/I (Resistance = Voltalge / Current) -All charged particles produce an electric field. -Electric field lines around a negatively charged particle always point inward. -Electric field lines indicate direction and relative strength. -When the strength of an electric charge is doubled, there will be twice as many field lines. -Potential difference is measured in volts. -Know three types of electric cells (electrochemical, thermoelectric, photoelectric). -Batteries have a positive and a negative terminal. -Current is the rate at which charges move through a conductor. -The higher the resistance of a bulb's filament, the brighter the bulb. -Potential difference causes electrons to move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. -Resistance is caused by internal friction. -The SI unit of resistance is the ohm. -Electrons that are held tightly are insulators (those that hold electrons loosely are conductors). -Resistance is altered by an objects length, temperature and type of material. -Know how to use P = IV and I = P/V and V = P/I -Resistance in an insulator is very high. -Series circuit -Parallel circuit -A device that protects a circuit from overload is called a circuit breaker.
May 5	Mon	Test Ch 16 -Write out all Ch 17 definitions (please # all terms)
May 6	Tues	Same as Monday Spring Choir Concerts
May 7	Wed	Chapter 17 Section 1 -p.569 #1-5
May 8	Thur	Same as Wednesday
May 9	Fri	Chapter 17 Section 2 -p.575 #1-6
May 12	Mon	-p.584 #1-3,5-11,14,17-20 -Review Ch 17 -magnetic poles -magnetic field -be able to predict and interpret magnetic fields -compasses and magnetic fields -geographic vs magnetic poles -solenoid (a coil of wire with an electric current in it -electric currents produce magnetic fields -domains -opposite poles attract & same poles of a magnetic repel -wires carrying a current produce magnetic fields -a compass will detect a magnetic field in a current carrying wire -electric motors use electromagnets to change electrical energy in mechanical energy -Faraday's law states that an electgric currrent can be produced in a circuit by changing the magnetic field -galvanometer is used to detect electric current (know how it works) -AC current (know what it is)
May 13	Tues	Same as Monday
May 14	Wed	Test Chapter 17 -Review for Exam
May 15	Thur	Same as Wednesday
May 16	Fri	-Physical Science Review for Final Exam Ch 10-15 -NOTE: Be able to reason through examples of these ideas (be able to demonstrate understanding). Average speed is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time it takes to travel that distance. Speed calculations use both time and distance. An object at rest (not moving) has a speed of 0 km/h. Velocity indicates direction—speed does not. Make sure that you can recognize the difference between examples of speed and velocity. Be able to do calculations to determine speed/velocity. See page 322. Speed = distance/time. Know the SI unit for acceleration (m/s 2). Acceleration is the change in velocity divided by time. Velocity-time graphs with positive slopes indicate that an object is speeding up. Velocity-time graphs with negative slopes indicate that an object is slowing down. Forces acting on objects change the velocity of an object. Net force is the total of all forces acting on an object. Objects with no net force acting on them remain at rest. Balanced forces act on objects in such a way as to create a net force of zero. Objects that are standing still have no speed, no velocity, and no momentum. Be able to calculate momentum (P=mv, Momemtum = mass x velocity). -NOTE: Also know: m = P/v and v = P/m Weight is the downward force due to gravity. The closer two objects are, the greater the gravitational force there is between them. The large the two objects are, the greater the gravitational force there is between them. Newton’s first law of motion states that every object maintains constant velocity unless aacted on by an unbalanced force. Newton’s second law of motion states that an unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times its acceleration. Newton’s third law of motion states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. The SI unit of force is the newton. One pound is equal to 4.448 N. m/s 2 is the unit used to measure acceleration during free fall. Terminal velocity (320 km/h) is achieved when the force of air resistance is equal to the force of gravity. Work = force x distance. Be able to solve problems using the work equation. 1 N*m = 1 J = 1 kg*m 2/s 2 are all units used to measure work. Power is measured in watts, horsepower and joules/second. Be able to calculate power. Power = work/time. Mechanical advantage = output force/input force = input distance/output distance. Mechanical advantage is a number that is used to indicate how much a force or distance is multiplied by a machine. Machines may be used to allow a person to apply less force over a longer distance to accomplish the same amount of work. Be able to determine mechanical advantage. See page 384 Practice questions at the top of the page. Know the three types of levers: a) first class levers have a fulcrum between points of application of output and input forces, b) second class levers have a fulcrum at one end and input force is applied to the other end, c) third class levers multiply distance rather than force (they have a mechanical advantage of less than one), there is a fulcrum on one end and an output force on the other end. See page 386 Figure 5. Wheelbarrows are a good example of a second class lever. A hammer is a good example of a first class lever. The human body has many third class levers (eg. Arm). Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of a molecules. Temperature is associated with the sensations of hot and cold. Temperature is measured with thermometers. Be able to convert from Celsius to Kelvin and Kelvin to Celsius (by adding or subtracting 273). Know that 37 Celsius is 98.6 Fahrenheit. Increases in temperature are associated with increases in the kinetic energy of a substance. Transfer of energy caused by the collision of molecules is called conduction. Transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called convection. Radiation is how the sunlight’s energy reaches the earth. Cool air descends while hot air rises (this is what causes convection currents). Radiation does not involve the movement of matter. Metals are good conductors. Non-metals are poor conductors. Absolute zero is 0 Kelvin or -273 Celsius. Energy = mass * specific heat capacity * change in temperature. See page 445 for an example. Be able to solve questions using this equation. The first law of thermodynamics states that there energy of a system is constant. Sound waves require a medium in order to be transferred. Light waves require no medium, they are electromagnetic radiation. Water waves transport energy but not water. Seismic waves travel through rock and other materials inside the earth. Be able to use the equation to solve problems: wave speed = frequency * wavelength. See page 467. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), hertz are a measure of the number of cycles/second. Wave speed is measured in meters/second. Doppler effect is where the frequency of a sound will increase when an object emitting a sound is moving toward the person hearing the sound.  Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Light waves are transverse waves. Water waves are mechanical waves. Loudness depends on the amplitude of a wave. The color of light is determined by the frequency of the light wave. Gamma rays are used to kill cancer cells. The intensity of sound determines its loudness. The intensity of light is the rate at which energy flows. Know Figure 14 (Be able to distinguish shorter vs longer wavelength, higher vs lower frequency and higher vs lower energy.)
May 19	Mon	Tues/Thur Classes
May 20	Tues	Semester Exams, 12:30 PM Dismissal
May 21	Wed	Semester Exams, 12:30 PM Dismissal
May 22	Thur	Semester Exams, 12:30 PM Dismissal
May 23	Fri	Senior Graduation Practice, 9 am -Consecration, 8 pm